ABAP Definition
Introduction
ABAP is one of the many application-specific fourth-generation languages (4GLs) first developed in the 1980s. It was originally the report language for SAP R/2, a platform that enabled large corporations to build mainframe business applications for materials management and financial and management accounting.ABAP used to be an abbreviation of Allgemeiner Berichtsaufbereitungsprozessor, the German meaning of "generic report preparation processor", but was later renamed to Advanced Business Application Programming. ABAP was one of the first languages to include the concept of Logical Databases (LDBs), which provides a high level of abstraction from the basic database level(s).
The ABAP programming language was originally used by developers to develop the SAP R/3 platform. It was also intended to be used by SAP customers to enhance SAP applications – customers can develop custom reports and interfaces with ABAP programming. The language is fairly easy to learn for programmers but it is not a tool for direct use by non-programmers. Good programming skills, including knowledge of relational database design and preferably also of object-oriented concepts, are required to create ABAP programs.
ABAP remains the language for creating programs for the client-server R/3 system, which SAP first released in 1992. As computer hardware evolved through the 1990s, more and more of SAP's applications and systems were written in ABAP. By 2001, all but the most basic functions were written in ABAP. In 1999, SAP released an object-oriented extension to ABAP called ABAP Objects, along with R/3 release 4.6.
SAP's most recent development platform, NetWeaver, supports both ABAP and Java.
Where does the ABAP program run?
All ABAP programs reside inside the SAP database. They are not stored in separate external files like Java or C++ programs. In the database all ABAP code exists in two forms: source code, which can be viewed and edited with the ABAP Workbench tools, and generated code, a binary representation somewhat comparable with Java bytecode. ABAP programs execute under the control of the runtime system, which is part of the SAP kernel. The runtime system is responsible for processing ABAP statements, controlling the flow logic of screens and responding to events (such as a user clicking on a screen button). A key component of the ABAP runtime system is the Database Interface, which turns database-independent ABAP statements ("Open SQL") into statements understood by the underlying DBMS ("Native SQL"). The database interface handles all the communication with the relational database on behalf of ABAP programs; it also contains extra features such as buffering of frequently accessed data in the local memory of the application server.SAP has three different layers as presentation layer (GUI), application layer (programs run on this) and data base layer where all data is stored and retrieved from user driven conditions, commands given by end user programmer through presentation layer.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABAP
ABAP Definición
SAP suministra de manera casi gratuita una instalación limitada de R/3 llamada MiniSAP para la práctica de la programación en ABAP.
Historia :
ABAP fue desarrollado por SAP como lenguaje de informes para SAP R/2 en los años 80, una plataforma que permitía a las grandes corporaciones construir aplicaciones de negocios para gestión de materiales y finanzas. ABAP, muy parecido al COBOL en sus orígenes, originalmente significaba Allgemeiner Berichtsaufbereitungsprozessor, palabras alemanas para procesador genérico para la preparación de informes. En sus inicios ABAP incluía el concepto de Bases de datos lógicas, que suministraba un alto nivel de abstracción para el acceso a bases de datos.
ABAP fue pensado como un lenguaje de programación para que los usuarios finales pudieran manipular la información, pero el 4GL se fue volviendo demasiado complicado para usuarios normales, por lo que es necesario programadores experimentados para realizar desarrollos.
ABAP se mantuvo como el lenguaje de desarrollo para la siguiente versión cliente-servidor de SAP R/3, que fue lanzada al mercado en 1992, en el que casi todo el sistema, menos las llamadas al sistema básicas estaban escritas en ABAP. En 1999, con el lanzamiento de la versión 4.6 de R/3, SAP lanzó una extensión orientada a objetos denominada ABAP Objects. La versión más actual en estos momentos de SAP es la release 6.0.
La última plataforma de desarrollo de SAP, NetWeaver, soporta ABAP y Java como lenguajes de programación.
Fuente : http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABAP
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